Origins & naming of the Hebrews

This activity involves looking at two epigraphical sources that possibly make reference to the people of Israel.

You are to create one blog post discussing each of the sources presented below. As well as discussing the content and what this means for the origins and naming of the Hebrews, you need to consider and discuss:

• where the source was found
• where the source originated
• the author (and all the issues that come with this question - bias, purpose, etc)
• the state the source is in - is there too much missing to draw conclusions?

Remember to post a link to your blog entries in the comments below. One blog entry of at least 250 words is required for each source.

The Merneptah Stele
There are 133 lines on this stele, but those relevant to us are:

Image: Wikipedia

The Great Ones are prostrate, saying "Peace";
Not one raises his head among the Nine Bows;
Plundered is Thehenu, Khatti is at Peace;
Canaan is plundered with every evil;
Ashkelon is conquered;
Gezer is seized;
Yano'am is made non-existent;
Israel is laid waste, his seed is no more;
Kharu has become a widow because of Egypt;
All lands together are at peace;
Any who roamed have been subdued.


Readings:
Finkelstein & Silberman, The Bible Unearthed, p.57, 60, 101-103
Miller & Hayes, A History of Ancient Israel & Judah, p.39-42

What do you make of this article by Joseph Davidovits?

Tell el-Amarna letters

Image: Associates for Biblical Research

Read the letter here. You are looking at the use of the word 'Apiru.

Refer to the Lacey excerpt 'Naming of the 'Hebrews'' from The Origins and Early History of Israel: An Introductory Note, discussing Habiru.

Read Miller & Hayes, A History of Ancient Israel & Judah, p.32-33.




*TEP note*
- activity based on sources
- area of debate: Origins and naming of Hebrews